The call for early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with CKD has yet to be translated to every-day clinical practice. Moreover, cognitive impairment is a significant predictor of mortality in HD patients. In addition to being associated with cerebrovascular disease and potentially other types of brain injury, cognitive impairment may jeopardize treatment adherence by affecting the efficiency of every-day tasks, including correct medication and dietary rules. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients has been estimated at 30–80% –. The association of cognitive impairment and a higher incidence of dementia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasingly acknowledged over the last few years – and represents an important issue in an already vulnerable population. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Schulz was in part funded by the Helmholtz Alliance ICEMED - Imaging and Curing Environmental Metabolic Diseases, through the Initiative and Network Fund of the Helmholtz Association. Kathrin Reetz was funded by the Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments (DFG ZUK32/1). Costa was supported by a PhD fellowship (SFRH/BD/65743/2009) from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) and financed by the POPH – QREN Program. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: Ana S. Received: FebruAccepted: AugPublished: October 27, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Tiffin-Richards et al. PLoS ONE 9(10):Įditor: Karl Herholz, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (2014) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) - A Sensitive Screening Instrument for Detecting Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. A score of 26 or lower indicates dementia.Citation: Tiffin-Richards FE, Costa AS, Holschbach B, Frank RD, Vassiliadou A, Krüger T, et al. The exam assesses attention, planning, memory and visual skills, all of which deteriorate in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. It also includes one of the best-known tests for early Alzheimer's disease - the clock test, in which patients are asked to draw an analog clock face. They are asked to recall a list of five words and repeat very short lists of numbers forward and backward. Test-takers are also asked to copy a simple line sketch of a cube match the letter A to the number 1, the letter B to the number 2 and so on. The 30-point test includes drawings of a lion and a rhinoceros, which patients must name. Examples of the questions on the Moca Test. The White House medical team chose the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), which was designed as a rapid screening tool for mild cognitive dysfunction - a loss of memory and clear thinking ability that sometimes precedes dementia. Trump is the first president to undergo the memory screening, Jackson said. Related: Trump insists he is a stable genius
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